瞬态加速液柱的流体力学问题研究

介绍了用激波和压缩气体加速液柱时的流体动力现象的实验研究,实验中采用了高速摄影技术。研究分为两部分:第一部分,液柱在被加速后在管内的气/液两相流的发展以及流出管外后喷雾流的形成,喷雾流自下而上产生;第二部分,气/液界面上的流体力学不稳定性,即Rayleigh Taylor(RT)不稳定性及Richt myer Meshkov(RM)不稳定性,液柱自上而下运动。实验发现,用此方法产生的喷雾具有流量大、射程远、覆盖面积大等特点。液柱在管内的加速过程中,上端面保持平面,下端面在经历了初始的不稳定性之后形成弹状流。在本实验的驱动压力及马赫数的范围内,RT和RM不稳定性的后期的发展过程比较接近,尽管两者的增长率不同。在RT不稳定性的初始阶段,高密度流体的尖钉先伸入低密度流体中;但是,在RM不稳定性的初始阶段,低密度的气泡先伸入高密度流体中。     

Singular behaviour and asymptotic stress field of a crack terminating at a bimaterial interface

A crack terminating at an interface of two dissimilar elastic materials is investigated. It is found that the asymptotic stress field near the crack tip is in general composed of two parts with each part being characterized by one singularity. The detailed relation of the two singularities with the bimaterial properties is given for some special cases of the crack.     

位错偶极子和Ⅲ型界面裂纹的干涉效应

研究了多晶体材料中螺型位错偶极子和界面裂纹的弹性干涉作用.利用复变函数方法,得到了该问题复势函数的封闭形式解答.求出了由位错偶极子诱导的应力场和裂纹尖端应力强度应子,分析了偶极子的方向,偶臂和位置以及材料失配对应力强度因子的影响.推导了作用在螺型位错偶极子中心的像力和力偶矩,并讨论了界面裂纹几何条件和不同材料特征组合对位错偶极子平衡位置的影响规律.结果表明,裂纹尖端的螺型位错偶极子对应力强度因子会产生强烈的屏蔽或反屏蔽效应.同时,界面裂纹对螺型位错偶极子在材料中运动有很强的扰动作用.     

功能梯度双材料弱/微间断界面的冲击断裂分析

提出强间断、弱间断、微间断和全连续界面的概念与分类，建立功能梯度弹性双材料弱间断 界面冲击断裂问题的力学模型，采用积分变换法推导问题的Cauchy奇异积分方程，并用配 点法求得数值解. 分析表明，弱/微间断性对于FGMs界面裂纹应力强度因子有着重要影响， 而且微间断性是优于弱间断性的一种界面力学性能连接关系. 以FGMs界面某一侧 的力学性能函数在界面处的Taylor展开式的低阶项作为界面另一侧的力学性能函数，便可 以使FGMs界面成为``微间断'界面. 界面的一阶微间断对应力强度因子的减小作用较为明 显，而高阶(二阶及以上)微间断对应力强度因子的影响较小. 减小界面的弱间断程度或使 FGMs界面具备``微间断性'，都将利于提高功能梯度双材料界面抗冲击断裂能力，在一定 程度上达到界面增韧的目的.     

Analytical Study of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer during Forced Convection in a Composite Channel Partly Filled with a Brinkman–Forchheimer Porous Medium

In this paper, the problem of fully developed forced convection in a parallel-plate channel partly filled with a homogeneous porous material is considered. The porous material is attached to the walls of the channel, while the center of the channel is occupied by clear fluid. The flow in the porous material is described by a nonlinear Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy equation. Utilizing the boundary-layer approach, analytical solutions for the flow velocity, the temperature distribution, as well as for the Nusselt number are obtained. Dependence of the Nusselt number on several parameters of the problem is extensively investigated.     

添加剂与RDX的界面作用及对撞击感度的影响研究

研究了石蜡、硬脂酸等添加剂与RDX的界面作用及其对撞击感度的影响。得出添加剂对RDX(Hexogen)的铺展系数越大,钝感效果越好的结论,并获得了铺展系数与特性落高的经验函数关系。     

颗粒增强复合材料的椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布模型的反平面问题研究

在遵循复合材料中各夹杂相互影响的重要条件下，构造呈双周期分布且相互影响的椭圆形刚性夹杂模型的复应力函数，采用坐标变换和复变函数的依次保角映射方法，达到满足各个夹杂的边界条件，利用围线积分将求解方程化为线性代数方程，推导出了在无穷远双向均匀剪切，椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布的界面应力解析表达式，最后的算例分析给出了夹杂的形状对界面应力最大值(应力集中系数)的影响规律，并描绘出了曲线。     

Heat transfer in an oscillating vertical annular liquid column open to atmosphere

The heat transfer from a surface heated with constant heat flux to an oscillating vertical annular liquid column having an interface with the atmosphere is investigated experimentally in the present paper. The analysis is carried out for the case of different oscillation frequencies while the displacement amplitude remains constant. Based on the experimental data a correlation equation is obtained for the cycle-averaged Nusselt number as a function of kinetic Reynolds number.     

Characterizing the influence of reinforcing resin on the structure and the mechanical response of filled isoprene rubber

In the present study, a specific type of reinforcing resin behavior is investigated using various mechanical approaches as well as microscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Based on these observations, it could be concluded that the reinforcing resin introduces a synergistic effect with carbon black in order to strengthen the system. This is implied since the percolation threshold is significantly reduced and the morphology of the filler aggregates changes toward higher compactness, i.e., an increase of volume-to-size ratio with the addition of resin.     

A cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for interfacial flows on unstructured meshes

We present a simple and cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for simulations of interfacial flows on structured and unstructured grids. The interface is defined using volume fractions, and the interface curvature is obtained as a function of the gradients of volume fractions. The gradient computation is based on a recently proposed gradient recovery method that mimicks the least squares approach without the need to solve a system of equations and is quite easy to implement on arbitrary polygonal meshes. The resulting interface curvature is used in a continuum surface force formulation within the framework of a well‐balanced finite‐volume algorithm to simulate multiphase flows dominated by surface tension. We show that the proposed curvature calculation is at least as accurate as some of the existing approaches on unstructured meshes while being straightforward to implement on any mesh topology. Numerical investigations also show that spurious currents in stationary problems that are dependent on the curvature calculation methodology are also acceptably low using the proposed approach. Studies on capillary waves and rising bubbles in viscous flows lend credence to the ability of the proposed method as an inexpensive, robust, and reasonably accurate approach for curvature calculation and numerical simulation of multiphase flows.